Agar was first introduced into the laboratory in 1881. Since then, microbiologists have depended on agar to create strong jellies. When microorganisms are streaked or plated onto this jellied surface and incubated, individual cells multiply into distinct colonies that scientists can easily observe, select, and propagate for further experiments. Many of the most important findings in biological research of the last 150 years or so — including the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tool — have been enabled by agar.4 Agarose, a derivative of agar, is also essential in molecular biology techniques like gel electrophoresis, where its porous gel matrix separates DNA fragments by size, enabling researchers to analyze and isolate specific genetic sequences.
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「軍委主席負責制」是中共軍隊最高領導制度，其核心內涵是確保最高軍事指揮權和決策權高度集中於軍委主席一人（目前即習近平），實現黨對軍隊的絕對領導。這一制度於2017年10月中共十九大正式寫入黨章，上升為中共黨內必須遵守的根本政治規矩。